Transistor Ignition circuit Schematic with explanation

This transistor ignition circuit give your car to have better starting and smoother running, particularly at very high and very low RPM. Lower fuel consumption, less pollution, lower servicing costs. Drive economically, drive electronically. Only for petrol/gasoline engines. This circuit will reduce breaker point wear and provide cleaner spark.

Circuit diagram:

Wiring diagram with the vehicles:

Notes:
This circuit used for cars with negative ground 12V negative ground system, maximum ignition current of 4A and maximum switching speed 500KHz. Motorcycles, mowers, boats, etc can also use this circuit.

For 6V Negative ground system, change the following resistors:

• R1, R2: 150 ohm / 1W
• R3 : 68 ohm / 1/4W
• R4 : 100 ohm / 1/4W
• R5, R6, R7: 68 ohm / 1W

The kit of Electronic Transistor Ignition is available at electronickits.com, sell at $25.95.
Download the manual Transistor Ignition kit HERE

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Car Horn circuit schematic with explanation

The following diagram is the schematic diagram fo Car Horn, you may try this circuit for your car modification…

Components List:

R1 = 68K R2 = 2K2 R3 = 56K R4 = 3K3 R5,R6 = 4K7 R7 = 10K Pot/trimpot

C1,C2 = 22nF C3,C5 = 100nF C4 = 1nF C6 = 220µF/25V IC1,IC2 = 7555 or TS555CN CMOS Timer ICs IC3 = TDA7052 SPKR = 8 Ohm

Car Horn Circuit Description:

This car horn circuit reproduces the sound of contemporary vehicle horns. It had been mainly created for models and toys but, applying a high output energy audio amplifier IC, it could be implemented as well in further complicated projects.
Circuit operation

To receive a realistic automobile horn sound, two different tones mixed collectively are essential and the interval they’ll type ought to be a so known as minor third (in musical terms). This can be implemented by two 7555 CMos Timer ICs wired as astable multivibrators and generating a square wave of about 440Hz and 523Hz respectively. These frequencies ought to be quite precise, so the uncommon values necessary for your timing resistors are obtained by wiring two common worth resistors in series.

The square wave frequencies produced by IC1 (440Hz) and IC2 (523Hz) are mixed via R5 and R6 and shaped by C3, C4 and R7 in order to obtain a far more realistic tone. The resulting composite audio signal is ultimately sent for the audio power amplifier IC3 which, in turn, drives the loudspeaker. R7 needs to be adjusted to acquire a satisfactory output level.

Car Horn Circuit Notes:

• The loudspeaker may be of any form and diameter. Certainly it need to withstand a energy of at the least 1 Watt if the TDA7052 Audio power amplifier IC is chosen.
• The TDA7052 IC was used since it permits a minimum parts count and very excellent functionality. Wanting to make use of a distinct audio power amplifier IC, you are able to pick the much less effective but straightforward to find LM386 (see the Cuckoo-song Generator project).
• In any case, try a great sized device, as a way to receive finest outcomes.
• Needing a a lot more effective amplifier chip, it is possible to use the TDA2003 10W Car Radio Audio Amplifier IC or the TDA1516BQ 24W BTL Vehicle Radio Power Amplifier IC .

Source: RedCircuits

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For Bicycles Rear Light After Glow circuit and explanation

This article is of interest only to readers whose bicycle lights are powered by a dynamo. The laws on bicycle lights in the United Kingdom are stricter than in other countries and a dynamo is, therefore, a rarity in this country. From the point of view of traffic safety it is advisable (in UK obligatory) for cyclists to have the rear lamp of their bicycle to light even when they are at standstill. In principle, it is not very difficult to modify the existing rear light with afterglow: all this needs is a large enough energy reservoir. Since the after-glow is required for short periods of time only, a battery is not required: a large value capacitor, say, 1 F, is quite sufficient.

As the diagram shows, in the present circuit, the normal rear light bulb is replaced by two series-connected bright LEDs, D2 and D3. These are clearly visible with a current of only 6 mA (compared with 50 mA of the bulb). The current is set with series resistor R1. The LEDs are shunted by the 1 F capacitor, C1. Since the working voltage of this component is only 5.5 V, it is, in spite of its high value, physically small. An effective regulator is needed to limit the dynamo voltage adequately. Normal regulators cannot be used here, since they do not work at low voltages. Moreover, such a device would discharge the capacitor when the cycle is at standstill.

Rear Light After Glow Circuit Diagram

Fortunately, there is a low-drop type that meets the present requirements nicely: the Type LP2950CZ5.0. Of course, the dynamo output voltage needs to be rectified before it can be applied to the regulator. In the present circuit, this is effected by half-wave rectifier D1 and buffer capacitor C2. Diode D1 is a Schottky type to keep any losses low – important for this application, because the ground connection via the bicycle frame usually causes some losses as well. The value of buffer capacitor has been chosen well above requirements to ensure that C1 is charged during the negative half cycles of the dynamo voltage.

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With Bass-Boost 10W Audio Amplifier High Quality, very simple design, No preamplifier required

High Quality, very simple design, No preamplifier required

This design is based on the 18 Watt Audio Amplifier, and was developed mainly to satisfy the requests of correspondents unable to locate the TLE2141C chip. It uses the widespread NE5532 Dual IC but, obviously, its power output will be comprised in the 9.5 - 11.5W range, as the supply rails cannot exceed ±18V. As amplifiers of this kind are frequently used to drive small loudspeaker cabinets, the bass frequency range is rather sacrificed. Therefore a bass-boost control was inserted in the feedback loop of the amplifier, in order to overcome this problem without quality losses. The bass lift curve can reach a maximum of +16.4dB @ 50Hz. In any case, even when the bass control is rotated fully counterclockwise, the amplifier frequency response shows a gentle raising curve: +0.8dB @ 400Hz, +4.7dB @ 100Hz and +6dB @ 50Hz (referred to 1KHz).

Amplifier with Bass-Boost:

10W Bass Boost Amplifier Circuit Diagram

Parts:

P1_________________22K Log.Potentiometer (Dual-gang for stereo)
P2________________100K Log.Potentiometer (Dual-gang for stereo)
R1________________820R 1/4W Resistor
R2,R4,R8____________4K7 1/4W Resistors
R3________________500R 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
R5_________________82K 1/4W Resistor
R6,R7______________47K 1/4W Resistors
R9_________________10R 1/2W Resistor
R10__________________R22 4W Resistor (wirewound)
C1,C8_____________470nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C2,C5_____________100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C3,C4_____________470µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C6_________________47pF 63V Ceramic or Polystyrene Capacitor
C7_________________10nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C9________________100nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
D1______________1N4148 75V 150mA Diode
IC1_____________NE5532 Low noise Dual Op-amp
Q1_______________BC547B 45V 100mA NPN Transistor
Q2_______________BC557B 45V 100mA PNP Transistor
Q3_______________TIP42A 60V 6A PNP Transistor
Q4_______________TIP41A 60V 6A NPN Transistor
J1__________________RCA audio input socket

Power Supply :

Power Supply Circuit Diagram

Power supply parts:

R11_________________1K5 1/4W Resistor
C10,C11__________4700µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
D2________________100V 4A Diode bridge
D3________________5mm. Red LED
T1________________220V Primary, 12 + 12V Secondary 24-30VA Mains transformer
PL1_______________Male Mains plug
SW1_______________SPST Mains switch

Notes:

• Can be directly connected to CD players, tuners and tape recorders.
• Schematic shows left channel only, but C3, C4, IC1 and the power supply are common to both channels.
• Numbers in parentheses show IC1 right channel pin connections.
• A log type for P2 will ensure a more linear regulation of bass-boost.
• Do not exceed 18 + 18V supply.
• Q3 and Q4 must be mounted on heatsink.
• D1 must be in thermal contact with Q1.
• Quiescent current (best measured with an Avo-meter in series with Q3 Emitter) is not critical.
• Set the volume control to the minimum and R3 to its minimum resistance.
• Power-on the circuit and adjust R3 to read a current drawing of about 20 to 25mA.
• Wait about 15 minutes, watch if the current is varying and readjust if necessary.
• A correct grounding is very important to eliminate hum and ground loops. Connect to the same point the ground sides of J1, P1, C2, C3 &C4. Connect C9 to the output ground.
• Then connect separately the input and output grounds to the power supply ground.

Technical data:
Output power:
10 Watt RMS into 8 Ohm (1KHz sinewave)
Sensitivity:
115 to 180mV input for 10W output (depending on P2 control position)
Frequency response:
See Comments above
Total harmonic distortion @ 1KHz:
0.1W 0.009% 1W 0.004% 10W 0.005%
Total harmonic distortion @ 100Hz:
0.1W 0.009% 1W 0.007% 10W 0.012%
Total harmonic distortion @ 10KHz:
0.1W 0.056% 1W 0.01% 10W 0.018%
Total harmonic distortion @ 100Hz and full boost:
1W 0.015% 10W 0.03%
Max. bass-boost referred to 1KHz:
400Hz = +5dB; 200Hz = +7.3dB; 100Hz = +12dB; 50Hz = +16.4dB; 30Hz = +13.3dB
Unconditionally stable on capacitive loads

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Playback Amplifier For Cassette Deck circuit schematic with explanation

For some time now, there have been a number of tape cassette decks available at low prices from mail order businesses and electronics retailers. Such decks do not contain any electronics, of course. It is not easy to build a recording amplifier and the fairly complex magnetic biasing circuits, but a playback amplifier is not too difficult as the present one shows. The stereo circuits in the diagram, in conjunction with a suitable deck, form a good-quality cassette player. The distortion and frequency range (up to 23 kHz) are up to good standards. Moreover, the circuit can be built on a small board for incorporation with the deck in a suitable enclosure. Both terminals of coupling capacitor C1 are at ground potential when the amplifier is switched on.

Circuit diagram:

Cassette Deck Playback Amplifier Circuit Diagram

Because of the symmetrical ±12 V supply lines, the capacitor will not be charged. If a single supply is used, the initial surge when the capacitor is being charged causes a loud click in the loudspeaker and, worse, magnetizes the tape. The playback head provides an audio signal at a level of 200–500 mV. The two amplifiers raise this to line level, not linearly, but in accordance with the RIAA equalization characteristic for tape recorders. Broadly speaking, this characteristic divides the frequency range into three bands:

• Up to 50 Hz, corresponding to a time constant of 3.18 ms, the signal is highly and linearly amplified.
• Between 50 Hz and 1.326 kHz, corresponding to a time constant of 120 µs, for normal tape, or 2.274 kHz, corresponding to a time constant of 70 µs, for chromium dioxide tape, the signal is amplified at a steadily decreasing rate.
• Above 1.326 kHz or 2.274 kHz, as the case may be, the signal is slightly and linearly amplified. This characteristic is determined entirely by A1 (A1’). To make the amplifier suitable for use with chromium dioxide tape, add a double-pole switch (for stereo) to connect a 2.2 kΩ resistor in parallel with R3 (R3’). The output of A1 (A1’) is applied to a passive high-pass rumble filter, C3-R5 (C3’-R5’) with a very low cut-off frequency of 7 Hz. The components of this filter have exactly the same value as the input filter, C1-R1 (C1’-R1’). The second stage, A2 (A2’) amplifies the signal ´100, that is, to line level (1V r.m.s.).

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Mini Guitar/Bass Amplifier circuit and explanation

Output power: 6W into 4 Ohm load, FET input stage - Passive Tone Control

Tiny, portable Guitar Amplifiers are useful for practice on the go and in bedroom/living room environment. Usually, they can be battery powered and feature a headphone output. This project is formed by an FET input circuitry, featuring a High/Low sensitivity switch, followed by a passive Tone Control circuit suitable to Guitar or Bass. After the Volume control, a 6W IC power amplifier follows, powered by a 12-14V dc external supply Adaptor or from batteries, and driving a 4 Ohm 10 or 13cm (4"/5") diameter car loudspeaker. Private listening by means of headphones is also possible.

Circuit diagram:

Mini Guitar-Bass Amplifier Circuit Diagram

Parts:

P1______________1M Linear Potentiometer
P2____________100K Log Potentiometer
R1_____________68K 1/4W Resistor
R2____________470K 1/4W Resistor
R3______________2K7 1/4W Resistor
R4______________8K2 1/4W Resistor
R5____________680R 1/4W Resistor
R6____________220K 1/4W Resistor
R7_____________39R 1/4W Resistor
R8______________2R2 1/4W Resistor
R9____________220R 1/4W Resistor
R10_____________1R 1/4W Resistor
R11___________100R 1/2W Resistor
R12_____________1K5 1/4W Resistor
C1____________100pF 63V Polystyrene or Ceramic Capacitor
C2,C5,C9,C14__100nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C3____________100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C4_____________47µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C6______________4n7 63V Polyester Capacitor
C7____________470pF 63V Polystyrene or Ceramic Capacitor
C8______________2µ2 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C10___________470µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C11____________22nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C12__________2200µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C13__________1000µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
D1______________3mm red LED
Q1____________BF245 or 2N3819 General-purpose N-Channel FET
IC1_________TDA2003 10W Car Radio Audio Amplifier IC
SW1,SW2________SPST toggle or slide Switches
J1____________6.3mm Mono Jack socket
J2____________6.3mm Stereo Jack socket (switched)
J3_____________Mini DC Power Socket
SPKR__________4 Ohm Car Loudspeaker 100 or 130mm diameter

Notes:

• Connect the output Plug of a 12 - 14V dc 500mA Power Supply Adaptor to J3
• Please note that if the voltage supply will exceed 18V dc the IC will shut down automatically

Technical data:

Output power (1KHz sinewave):
6W RMS into 4 Ohm at 14.4V supply
Sensitivity:
50mV RMS input for full output
Frequency response:
25Hz to 20kHz -3dB with the cursor of P1 in center position
Total harmonic distortion:
0.05 - 4.5W RMS: 0.15% 6W RMS: 10%

Tone Control Frequency Response:

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Very Simple Bench Amplifier circuit and explanation

A small 325mW amplifier with a voltage gain of 200 that can be used as a bench amplifier, signal tracer or used to amplify the output from personal radios, etc. The circuit is based on the National Semiconductor LM386 amplifier. In the diagram above, the LM386 forms a complete non-inverting amplifier with voltage gain of x200. A datasheet in PDF format can be downloaded from the National Semiconductor website. The IC is available in an 8 pin DIL package and several versions are available; the LM386N-1 which has 325mW output into an 8 ohm load, the Lm386N-3 which has 700mW output and the LM386N-4 which offers 1000mW output. all versions work in this circuit. The gain of the Lm386 can be controlled by the capacitor across pins 1 and 8. With the 10u cap shown above, voltage gain is 200, omitting this capacitor and the gain of the amplifier is 20.

Finished project:
Circuit diagram:

Bench Amplifier Circuit Diagram

The IC works from 4 to 12Volts DC, 12Volt being the maximum recommended value. The internal input impedance of the amplifier is 50K, this is shunted with a 22k log potentiometer so input impedance in this circuit will be lower at about 15k. The input is DC coupled so care must be taken not to amplify any DC from the preceeding circuit, otherwise the loudspeaker may be damaged. A coupling capacitor may included in series with the 22k control to prevent this from happening.

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